Observational Signatures of the Macroscopic Formation of Strange Matter during Core Collapse Supernovae

 
 
 
 

Observational Signatures of the Macroscopic Formation of Strange Matter during Core Collapse Supernovae

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dc.contributor.advisor Boyd, Richard N. en_US
dc.contributor.author Zach, Juergen Johann en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2008-07-07T18:47:09Z
dc.date.available 2008-07-07T18:47:09Z
dc.date.created 2003 en_US
dc.date.issued 2008-07-07T18:47:09Z
dc.identifier.uri http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1053470113 en_US
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2374.OX/4598
dc.description The consequences of a first order QCD phase transition in the protoneutronstar remnant of core collapse supernova are presented with a special focus on the effects on neutrino transport. A secondary focus is the detection of these neutrinos in terrestrial detectors. Hybrid stars are constructed such that a coexistence region of QCD-confined and deconfined phases forms in the protoneutronstar interior with possibly a pure deconfined phase in the center. The resulting Coulomb lattice (1D,2D and 3D) in the coexistence region is shown to crystallize for temperatures relevant in supernova cores seconds after bounce. Droplet deformation modes freeze out in the same range. For the outermost ~1 km of the coexistence region, the stability of the 3D lattice to shear stresses falls below the critical range of mechanical energy densities provided by hydrodynamical flow. This can lead to a non-spherical relief structure which, together with the enhanced neutrino opacity of the coexistence lattice, can result in anisotropic neutrino transport and therefore neutron star kicks. A computer model for neutrino diffusion coupled with quasistatic evolution of a solid lattice phase and hydrodynamical treatment of the confined matter envelope was developed to address the kick model and other problems. The state of newly formed hybrid stars is determined using a self-consistent approach of integrating the stellar structure equations with the constraint of heat flow equilibrium, resulting in relatively cool energy spheres (T~1MeV) compared to T~10MeV in the interior. Typical cooling timescales of hybrid stars are then ~100 seconds. This is shown to result in a statistically significant signal in a Pb-neutron spallation detector. In exploratory calculations, observed kick speeds were reproduced and the presence of a sustainable convective flow pattern to maintain a crater in the coexistence region was verified. The Pb and Fe components of a proposed neutron spallation neutrino detector concept were optimized with respect to cost-efficiency. DAMOCLES, a transport code for neutrons, capture gamma rays and scintillation photons was developed for that purpose. The detection efficiency for liberated neutrons for the optimum configurations in both detectors is 38%. The available sensitivity to sparse neutrino signals is ~1/(second,kT) for expected radioactive background rates. en_US
dc.format application/pdf en_US
dc.format 161p. en_US
dc.rights unrestricted en_US
dc.rights Copyright and permissions information available at the source archive en_US
dc.subject strange matter in neutron stars en_US
dc.subject hybrid star structure en_US
dc.subject supernova neutrino detection en_US
dc.subject QCD deconfinement phase transition en_US
dc.subject core collapse supernova remnants en_US
dc.title Observational Signatures of the Macroscopic Formation of Strange Matter during Core Collapse Supernovae en_US
dc.type Electronic Thesis or Dissertation en_US
dc.degree.name PhD en_US
dc.degree.level doctoral en_US
dc.degree.discipline Physics en_US
dc.degree.grantor Ohio State University en_US
dc.contributor.publisher Ohio State University / OhioLINK en_US

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